By the end of this article, you’ll understand exactly who needs a permit, which type fits your situation, how to apply, and little-known options that can make your move to Belgium smoother.

Who Needs a Belgian Residence Permit?

If you plan to stay more than 90 days and you’re not an EU/EFTA/Swiss citizen, you must apply for a residence permit, as detailed in Expatica’s guide to Belgium residence permits. EU, EFTA, and Swiss nationals only need to register at their local commune.

Types of Belgian Residence Cards

Belgium issues different cards depending on your status and length of stay:

• A card: Registration certificate for EU citizens
• B card: Limited-validity permit for non-EU nationals
• C card: Five-year validity, renewable
• D card: Unlimited validity (long-term resident)
• F & F+ cards: Temporary or permanent permits for family members of EU citizens
• H card: European Blue Card for highly skilled workers

European Blue Card (H Card)

The European Blue Card fast-tracks residency for highly skilled non-EU workers, allows family reunification, and leads to permanent status after five years, according to the official EU Blue Card information on Europa.eu.

Special Cards for Researchers and Students

• M card: For researchers participating in public or private programmes
• Student card: Validates part-time work rights and access to social benefits

Researchers holding an M card may bring dependents and often qualify for funding under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions administered by the European Commission.

How to Apply: Step by Step

Belgium’s Single Permit system simplifies the process by combining work and residence permits into one application, as outlined by the Belgian Immigration Office.

1. Register at your local commune within eight days of arrival; see the Belgian Federal Public Service portal for details.
2. Submit required documents (listed below).
3. Pay fees, typically ranging from €150 to €350, depending on card type.
4. Receive your residence card within two to eight weeks.

Required Documents

• Valid passport
• Proof of address (e.g., rental agreement or attestation)
• Proof of sufficient funds or employment contract
• Medical certificate (if requested)
• Criminal record extract (if requested)

Fees vary by card type:
– B card: €150
– C card: €200
– D card: €350

What Brexit Means for UK Nationals

Since Brexit, British citizens are treated as third-country nationals in Belgium. You must follow the same procedures as other non-EU nationals, including applying for a B card for stays over 90 days and presenting proof of comprehensive health insurance, per UK Government guidance on living in Belgium after Brexit.

Long-Term Resident Status and EU Portability

After five years on a B or H card, you can apply for the D card (long-term resident). This status grants unlimited stays in Belgium, full access to social benefits, and recognition in other EU states under specific conditions outlined in the EU’s long-term residence directive.

Renewing, Losing, or Appealing

• Renewal: Initiate your renewal three months before expiry.
• Appeal: You have 15 days to contest a refusal.
• Losing residency: Extended absence from Belgium or certain criminal convictions can lead to revocation of your permit.

Final Stop on Your Belgian Journey

With this roadmap, you’ll navigate Belgium’s residence permit system confidently. Whether you’re a skilled professional eyeing a Blue Card or a researcher with an M permit, you now have the authoritative guidance you need to establish and maintain legal residency in Belgium.