When you explore Antigua and Barbuda’s Citizenship by Investment (CBI) Program, you’ll learn how it began, what you can invest in, the perks you unlock, and the hidden clauses you need to watch. You’ll see how global regulators shape the program and what makes Antigua’s passport rank among the world’s most powerful. By the end, you’ll know if this path fits your global ambitions.

A Brief History of the Program

Antigua and Barbuda launched its CBI Program in 2013 to attract foreign capital and spur development, becoming one of the earliest Caribbean states to trade citizenship for investment alongside St. Kitts & Nevis in 1984. Over the past decade, Antigua has adjusted its minimum contribution thresholds and strengthened its vetting procedures to align with evolving international standards[^1].

[^1]: “Citizenship by Investment,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenship_by_investment#Antigua_and_Barbuda

Your Investment Options

You choose between four routes—each with its own deposit, timeline, and requirements—detailed in the program overview[^2]:

National Development Fund (NDF)

A one-time, non-refundable donation supporting public projects.
– Minimum: US $100,000 for a single applicant
– Funding allocated to infrastructure upgrades, educational initiatives, and hurricane relief efforts

Real Estate Investment

Purchase government-approved property from licensed developers.
– Starting at US $400,000
– Mandatory five-year holding period before resale

Business Investment

Inject capital into a local enterprise, individually or with partners.
– Minimum: US $1.5 million single; US $5 million syndicated
– Requirement to create or sustain at least three full-time jobs

University of the West Indies (UWI) Fund

Support tertiary education for nationals of Antigua and Barbuda.
– Minimum: US $150,000 for a family of up to four

[^2]: “Citizenship by Investment,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenship_by_investment#Antigua_and_Barbuda

Eligibility and Application Process

To qualify, you must be at least 18 years old, in good health, hold a spotless criminal record, and demonstrate a legal source of funds. The streamlined seven-step procedure takes approximately three to four months and involves:

1. Engaging a government-authorized agent
2. Submitting your dossier and preliminary fees
3. Undergoing thorough due diligence
4. Receiving provisional approval (typically within 30–45 days)
5. Making your choice investment
6. Final vetting and an oath ceremony
7. Issuance of your citizenship certificate and passport[^3]

[^3]: “Application Process,” Citizenship by Investment Unit Antigua and Barbuda, https://www.cipunit.gov.ag/application-process/

Key Benefits You Gain

Investing in Antigua and Barbuda’s CBI Program delivers lasting advantages:

• Visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 150 destinations, including the EU Schengen Area, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and Singapore, as ranked by the Henley Passport Index
• Exemption from taxes on global income, capital gains, inheritance, and net wealth, according to PwC’s Antigua and Barbuda tax summary
• Accelerated citizenship for your spouse, children under 30, and dependent parents
• Full rights to live, work, and study in Antigua and Barbuda without further immigration hurdles

Understanding the Fine Print

When you’re this close to a second passport, clarity on conditions is critical:

Dual and Multiple Citizenship

Antigua and Barbuda recognizes dual citizenship, allowing you to retain your existing nationality and related obligations. For details, see the government’s Dual/Multiple Citizenship guidelines.

Real Estate Resale Restrictions

Government regulations mandate a five-year holding period on approved properties; early disposition may incur penalties or jeopardize your citizenship.

Revocation Risks

Under the Citizenship Act, authorities can annul citizenship granted by investment if fraud, misrepresentation, or concealment of material facts is discovered at any time.

Compliance, Scrutiny, and Global Standing

The international framework for CBI programs continues to tighten:

• The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) promotes enhanced transparency and reporting
• The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) mandates rigorous anti–money-laundering due diligence
• In 2019, Antigua doubled its real estate threshold to US $400,000 to conform with emerging EU benchmarks
• The country now participates in information-exchange pacts with over 30 jurisdictions

Antigua’s passport remains within the top 30 globally, underscoring robust international mobility.

“Stringent background checks and transparent processes are essential for maintaining a reputable CBI program.” – Marcel Fontaine, CBI Policy Analyst

Economic and Social Impact at Home

The CBI Program is integral to Antigua’s fiscal health:

• NDF proceeds fund local schools, hospitals, and disaster-resilient infrastructure
• Real estate ventures sustain employment in construction and hospitality
• Business investments invigorate SMEs in tourism, agriculture, and technology

Local analysis credits CBI revenues with contributing approximately 5–8% of annual government income, according to the Antigua Observer.

Comparing Caribbean CBI Programs

Antigua and Barbuda distinguishes itself with:

• One of the lowest NDF thresholds in the region (US $100,000 for a single applicant)
• Four distinct investment pathways
• A minimal five-day residency requirement over five years
• A broad network of vetted agents

By contrast, Dominica’s real estate entry point is US $200,000, while Grenada’s program offers U.S. E-2 visa eligibility—a benefit Antigua currently does not provide.

Beyond Investment: Other Paths to Citizenship

If investment is not your preference, alternative routes include:

• Naturalization after seven years of lawful residence
• Marriage to an Antigua and Barbuda citizen (eligibility after three years)
• Citizenship by descent (when one parent is a national)

Charting Your Global Future

You now have a comprehensive view of Antigua and Barbuda’s Citizenship by Investment Program: its origin, investment options, benefits, and critical considerations. Whether your aims are global mobility, tax optimization, or business expansion, this well-regulated pathway offers a proven route to a powerful passport. If it aligns with your objectives, an authorized agent can guide you through each step toward your new citizenship. Enjoy the journey!